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- You will need to load the following files
- before you can use the Genesis applications :
-
- - !ArcFS
- - System
- - Font
- - !Browser (in the Genesis folder)
-
-
- Once you have loaded these, you can click on the
- !CHURCH file to run it.
-
-
-
- The !CHURCH file is a guide to a 'typical' medieval
- parish church (whatever the word typical means in this
- context ?).
-
-
- The material is aimed at pupils studying Key Stage 3,
- National Curriculum History, Study Unit 1.
-
- Once !CHURCH is running, you will be presented
- with a title screen that shows the basic layout
- of a medieval church.
-
- Clicking on any of the RED BOXES will take you
- from one information screen to another.
-
-
- Please find below some general background information
- on English parish churches.
-
-
- The English Parish
- ------------------
-
- Just how religious was the ordinary member of the parish ?
-
- In theory, every person was supposed to know at least
- the PATERNOSTER (The Lord's Prayer), and AVE MARIA, either
- in Latin or English.
-
- Many grew up with little understanding of what was
- happening during a church service.
-
- Many priests were badly educated.
-
- 'Parson Sloth' in the VISION OF PIERS PLOWMAN says;
-
- 'I have been a priest and parson for thirty winters past,
- But I cannot solfa or sing, or read a Latin life of saints;
- But I can find a hare, in a field or in a furrow,
- Better than construe the first Psalm or explain it to the parish.
- I can hold a friendly meeting, I can cast a shire's accounts,
- But in mass-book or Pope's edict I cannot read a line.
-
- It was common for the congregation to laugh and chatter during the
- service.
-
- The congregation learned more from the sermon, than from
- the latin church service.
-
- The centre of religious life was the parish church.
-
- It's priest was given a house, a certain amount of land
- (called the glebe), and a yearly sum of money (mainly from
- tithes). Out of this sum the priest had to keep the chancel of
- the church in good repair, help the poor and show
- hospitality to visitors.
-
- Every church consisted of at least two parts - the chancel and
- the nave.
-
- The chancel (with its altar) was at the east end of the church
- and was the responsibility of the priest.
-
- The nave, to the west, was used by the parishioners and was
- their responsibilty. Villages often took great pride
- in making their churches as beautiful as possible.
-
- In most churches the chancel was separated from the nave by
- a wooden screen, with a gallery above it called the rood loft,
- because upon it stood the rood or crucifix. The priest was
- supposed to read the Epistle and Gospel from here, but this
- only really happened in greater churches.
-
- There might be a number of altars in the nave, as well as side
- chapels dedicated to saints. Certain altars or chapels
- might be the responsibility of a local guild. Some altars or
- chapels might be chantry altars or chantry chapels.
-
- A chantry was a church service that might be paid for
- by a local lord or businessman. He would leave money or land
- to the church in order for services/prayers to be said for
- himself when he died. Some individuals would pay to
- improve that part of the church where their services were
- to be held.
-
- The bells in the tower called the faithful to church for
- services - and the ringing of bells drove away evil
- spirits (or so it was believed).
-
- There would be a porch on the south side of the nave.
- The chief part of the marriage service took place
- in the porch.
-
- At the west end of the church you would usually find
- a font. A child would be baptised the day after its
- birth. They believed that unbaptized infants who died
- would be cast into hell.
-
- All parishioners were expected to take communion and make their
- confessions at least once a year.
-
- The priest would hear confessions in the nave.
-
- Stained glass windows and wall paintings would instruct
- parishioners who could not read about certain aspects
- of church teachings.
-
- Walking into a medieval church one would be met with
- a riot of colour.
-
- Prayers would be said before the crucifix and
- statues of saints.
-
- In 1102 the Archbishop of Canterbury laid down
- strict rules for priests :
-
- 1) Priests should no longer have wives.
-
- 2) No priest shall work for the government, nor
- be judge of life and death.
-
- 3) Priests shall not spend time in pubs.
-
- 4) They should dress in clothes of one colour and
- simple clothes.
-
- 5) No church office shall be sold.
-
- 6) No tithe should be given to anyone but a
- priest.
-
- THE MEDIEVAL CHURCH
- -------------------
-
- The medieval church was diverse and there is a great difference between
- the church in Rome - the national churches (Spain, France,
- England) - and 'a semi-literate cleric in some rude chapel min
- the midst of inhospitable forests or fields, surrounded by
- peasants who muttered charms over their ploughs and whispered
- magic words at crossroads.'
-
- 'For most people in medieval England life was a constant battle
- to get enough food, fuel and shelter to sustain existence
- from one year to the next....Even the greatest lords in the
- land could not escape the evil effects of their environment,
- in which infant mortality was high, life expectancy low,
- illness and early death commonplace.'
-
- In this atmosphere superstition was rife and people turned
- to the church for salvation in the next world and for
- miracle cures in this one.
-
- "Henry, paralysed in the right side and carrying his arm in
- a sling, came to Simon de Montfort's tomb and took dust from
- it, which he rubbed on his arm. He was healed at once,
- before many witnesses."
-
- "A girl from Eynsham, blind for some time, wished to go to
- St. Frideswide's for a cure; taken to the shrine, she slept
- at the sepulchre. In the morning, after shedding many tears
- bloody pus flowed from her eyes and she recovered her sight."
-
- From the 14th century onwards there is greater devotion to
- Christ and the Virgin Mary. In many churches you will find
- newly created Lady Chapels.
-
-
-
- The following sources were used in compiling the Genesis
- application and textfiles :
-
-
-
- The Buildings of England : Sussex.
- A Penguin Guide. Ian Nairn and Nikolaus Pevsner.
- 1985.
-
- English Parish Churches. Smith, Cook and Hutton.
- Thames and Hudson. 1976.
-
- English Life in the Middle Ages. L.F. Saltzman.
- Oxford University Press. 1926.
-
- The following church guides :
-
- - Piddinghoe, Southease, Rodmell, Clayton,
- Battle and Bramber parish churches (Sussex).
-
- - Charing, Chilham, Newchurch, St Nicholas-at-Wade,
- Appledore, Brook, Harbledown, Chartham and
- Pluckley parish churches (Kent).
-
- - the Temple Church, London.
-
- Sussex Churches and Chapels.
- Museums Service, Brighton. 1989.
-
- Medieval Panorama. G.G.Coulton.
- Cambridge University Press. 1938.
-
- The Historical Growth of the English Parish Church.
- A.H.Thompson. Cambridge University Press. 1911.
-
- The Sussex Story. David Arscott. 1992.
-
- Miracles and Pilgrims. Ronald Finucane. 1977.
-
-
-
- Any spelling or factual mistakes are mine - please
- change them.
-
-
- Please feel free to alter any of the material in the
- Genesis application file.
-
-
-
- Jim Fanning,
- History Department,
- Tideway School,
- Southdown Road,
- Newhaven,
- East Sussex.
-
-
- May 1995.